Evidence-Based Hormone Therapies

High quality of life, performance, and energy: the association with higher testosterone levels in men (18 references)

1. Qing XR, Wan CC, Shang XJ, Li HG, Xiong CL, Zhan XX, Mo DS, Cai HC, Zhang HP, Guan HT, Kong XB, Chen YP, Liu TH, Hao BJ, Zong SY. Relative contributions of testosterone deficiency and metabolism syndrome at the risk of reduced quality of life: A cross-sectional study among Chinese mid-aged and elderly men. Andrologia. 2017 Nov;49(9).
2. Cohen A, Lapin B, Wang CH, Helfand B, Victorson D, Novakovic K. Variation in testosterone levels and health-related quality of life in men diagnosed with prostate cancer on active surveillance. Urology. 2016 Aug;94:180-7.
3. Bercea RM, Mihaescu T, Cojocaru C, Bjorvatn B. Fatigue and serum testosterone in obstructive sleep apnea patients. Clin Respir J. 2015 Jul;9(3):342-9.
4. Glintborg D, Nielsen TL, Wraae K, Hougaard D, Gudex C, Brixen K, Andersen M. The relationship between health-related quality of life, obesity and testosterone levels in older men. Age Ageing. 2014 Mar;43(2):280-4.
5. Brooke JC, Walter DJ, Kapoor D, Marsh H, Muraleedharan V, Jones TH. Testosterone deficiency and severity of erectile dysfunction are independently associated with reduced quality of life in men with type 2 diabetes. 2014 Mar;2(2):205-211.

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Low quality of life and fatigue in men: the improvement with testosterone treatment (37 references)

1. Inoue Y, Nakamura K, Kuwahara Y, Lu Y, Masuda N, Horie S, Okada H, Ide H. Efficacy of testosterone treatment in hemodialysis patients as assessed by aging males’ symptoms scores: a pilot study. Am J Mens Health. 2018 Sep;12(5):1541-1547.
2. Shigehara K, Konaka H, Sugimoto K, Nohara T, Izumi K, Kadono Y, Namiki M, Mizokami A. Sleep disturbance as a clinical sign for severe hypogonadism: efficacy of testosterone replacement therapy on sleep disturbance among hypogonadal men without obstructive sleep apnea. aging male. 2018 Jun;21(2):99-105.
3. Wright TJ, Dillon EL, Durham WJ, Chamberlain A, Randolph KM, Danesi C, Horstman AM, Gilkison CR, Willis M, Richardson G, Hatch SS, Jupiter DC, McCammon S, Urban RJ, Sheffield-Moore M. A randomized trial of adjunct testosterone for cancer-related muscle loss in men and women. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2018 Jun;9(3):482-496.
4. Vinarov AZ, Rozhivanov RV. Effect of transderrmal testosterone on the quality of life of men with androgen deficiency and chronic prostatitis in routine clinical practice. Urologiia. 2018 Mar;(1):71-76.
5. Haider KS, Haider A, Doros G, Traish A. Long-Term Testosterone Therapy Improves Urinary and Sexual Function, and Quality of Life in Men with Hypogonadism: Results from a propensity-matched subgroup of a controlled registry study. J Urol. 2018 Jan;199(1):257-265.

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Higher physical performance in men: the association with higher testosterone levels (8 references)

1. Miloski B, Aoki MS, de Freitas CG, Schultz de Arruda AF, de Moraes HS, Drago G, Borges TO, Moreira A. Does testosterone modulate mood states and physical performance in young basketball players? J Strength Cond Res. 2015 Sep;29(9):2474-81.
2. Moreira A, Mortatti A, Aoki M, Arruda A, Freitas C, Carling C. Role of free testosterone in interpreting physical performance in elite young Brazilian soccer players. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2013 May;25(2):186-97.
3. Auyeung TW, Lee JS, Kwok T, Leung J, Ohlsson C, Vandenput L, Leung PC, Woo J. Testosterone but not estradiol level is positively related to muscle strength and physical performance independent of muscle mass: a cross-sectional study in 1489 older men. Eur J Endocrinol. 2011 May;164(5):811-7.
4. Crewther BT, Christian C. Relationships between salivary testosterone and cortisol concentrations and training performance in Olympic weightlifters. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2010 Sep;50(3):371-5.
5. Krasnoff JB, Basaria S, Pencina MJ, Jasuja GK, Vasan RS, Ulloor J, Zhang A, Coviello A, Kelly-Hayes M, D’Agostino RB, Wolf PA, Bhasin S, Murabito JM. Free testosterone levels are associated with mobility limitation and physical performance in community-dwelling men: the framingham offspring study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Jun;95(6):2790-9.

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Lower physical performance in men: the improvement with testosterone treatment (5 references)

1. Storer TW, Basaria S, Traustadottir T, Harman SM, Pencina K, Li Z, Travison TG, Miciek R, Tsitouras P, Hally K,Huang G, Bhasin S. Effects of testosterone supplementation for 3 years on muscle performance and physical function in older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017 Feb 1;102(2):583-593.
2. Travison TG, Basaria S, Storer TW, Jette AM, Miciek R, Farwell WR, Choong K, Lakshman K, Mazer NA, Coviello AD, Knapp PE, Ulloor J, Zhang A, Brooks B, Nguyen AH, Eder R, LeBrasseur N, Elmi A, Appleman E, Hede-Brierley L, Bhasin G, Bhatia A, Lazzari A, Davis S, Ni P, Collins L, Bhasin S. Clinical meaningfulness of the changes in muscle performance and physical function associated with testosterone administration in older men with mobility limitation. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2011 Oct;66(10):1090-9.
3. Caminiti G, Volterrani M, Iellamo F, Marazzi G, Massaro R, Miceli M, Mammi C, Piepoli M, Fini M, Rosano GM. Effect of long-acting testosterone treatment on functional exercise capacity, skeletal muscle performance, insulin resistance, and baroreflex sensitivity in elderly patients with chronic heart failure a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009 Sep 1;54(10):919-27.
4. Sattler FR, Castaneda-Sceppa C, Binder EF, Schroeder ET, Wang Y, Bhasin S, Kawakubo M, Stewart Y, Yarasheski KE, Ulloor J, Colletti P, Roubenoff R, Azen SP. Testosterone and growth hormone improve body composition and muscle performance in older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Jun;94(6):1991-2001.
5. Srinivas-Shankar U, Roberts SA, Connolly MJ, O’Connell MD, Adams JE, Oldham JA, Wu FC. Effects of testosterone on muscle strength, physical function, body composition, and quality of life in intermediate-frail and frail elderly men: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Feb;95(2):639-50

Higher mood in men: the association with higher testosterone levels (16 references)

1. Giltay EJ, van der Mast RC, Lauwen E, Heijboer AC, de Waal MWM, Comijs HC. Plasma testosterone and the course of major depressive disorder in older men and women. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2017 Apr;25(4):425-437.
2. Gettler LT1, Oka RC2. Are testosterone levels and depression risk linked based on partnering and parenting? Evidence from a large population-representative study of U.S. men and women. Soc Sci Med. 2016 Aug;163:157-67.
3. Westley CJ, Amdur RL, Irwig MS. High rates of depression and depressive symptoms among men referred for borderline estosterone levels. J Sex Med. 2015 Aug;12(8):1753-60.
4. Matsuzaka H, Maeshima H, Kida S, Kurita H, Shimano T,Nakano Y, Baba H, Suzuki T, Arai H. Gender differences in serum testosterone and cortisol in patients with major depressive disorder compared with controls. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2013;46(2):203-21.
5. Bercea RM, Patacchioli FR, Ghiciuc CM, Cojocaru E, Mihaescu T. Serum testosterone and depressive symptoms in severe OSA patients. Andrologia. 2013 Oct;45(5):345-50.

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Depression in men: the improvement with testosterone treatment (17 references)

1. Snyder PJ, Bhasin S, Cunningham GR, Matsumoto AM, Stephens-Shields AJ, Cauley JA, Gill TM, Barrett-Connor E, Swerdloff RS, Wang C, Ensrud KE, Lewis CE, Farrar JT, Cella D, Rosen RC, Pahor M, Crandall JP, Molitch ME, Cifelli D, Dougar D, Fluharty L, Resnick SM, Storer TW, Anton S, Basaria S, Diem SJ, Hou X, Mohler ER 3rd, Parsons JK, Wenger NK, Zeldow B, Landis JR, Ellenberg SS; Testosterone Trials Investigators. Effects of testosterone treatment in older men. N Engl J Med. 2016 Feb 18;374(7):611-24.
2. Sofimajidpour H1, Teimoori T2, Gharibi F3. The effect of testosterone on men with andropause. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2015 Dec 26;17(12):e19406.
3. Cherrier MM, Anderson K, Shofer J, Millard S, Matsumoto AM. Testosterone treatment of men with mild cognitive impairment and low testosterone levels. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2015 Jun;30(4):421-30.
4. Aydogan U, Aydogdu A, Akbulut H, Sonmez A, Yuksel S, Basaran Y, Uzun O, Bolu E, Saglam K. Increased frequency of anxiety, depression, quality of life and sexual life in young hypogonadotropic hypogonadal males and impacts of testosterone replacement therapy on these conditions. Endocr J. 2012;59(12):1099-105. Epub 2012 Aug 31.
5. Khera M, Bhattacharya RK, Blick G, Kushner H, Nguyen D, Miner MM. The effect of testosterone supplementation on depression symptoms in hypogonadal men from the testim registry in the US (TRiUS). Aging Male. 2012 Mar;15(1):14-21.

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Anxiety in men: the association with lower testosterone levels (13 references)

1. Masdrakis VG, Papageorgiou C, Markianos M. Associations of plasma testosterone with clinical manifestations in acute panic disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2018 Nov 15;101:216-222.
2. van Rijn S. Salivary testosterone in relation to social cognition and social anxiety in children and adolescents with 47,XXY (Klinefelter syndrome). PLoS One. 2018 Jul 23;13(7):e0200882.
3. Dinh KT, Yang DD, Nead KT, Reznor G, Trinh QD, Nguyen PL. Association between androgen deprivation therapy and anxiety among 78 000 patients with localized prostate cancer. Int J Urol. 2017 Oct;24(10):743-748.
4. Ajo R, Segura A, Mira L, Inda MD, Alfayate R, Sánchez-Barbie A, Margarit C, Peiró AM. e relationship of salivary testosterone and male sexual dysfunction in opioid-associated androgen deficiency (OPIAD). Aging Male. 2017 Mar;20(1):1-8.
5. Choi JC, Lee JH, Choi E, Chung MI, Seo SM, Lim HK. Effects of seasonal differences in testosterone and cortisol levels on pain responses under resting and anxiety conditions. Yonsei Med J. 2014 Jan;55(1):216-23.

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Anxiety in men: the improvement with testosterone treatment (5 references)

1. Hackett G, Cole N, Bhartia M, Kennedy D, Raju J, Wilkinson P. Testosterone replacement therapy with long-acting testosterone undecanoate improves sexual function and quality-of-life parameters vs. placebo in a population of men with type 2 diabetes. J Sex Med. 2013 Jun;10(6):1612-27.
2. Zhang XW, Liu ZH, Hu XW, Yuan YQ, Bai WJ, Wang XF, Shen H, Zhao YP. Androgen replacement therapy improves psychological distress and health-related quality of life in late onset hypogonadism patients in Chinese population. Chin Med J (Engl). 2012 Nov;125(21):3806-10.
3. Aydogan U, Aydogdu A, Akbulut H, Sonmez A, Yuksel S, Basaran Y, Uzun O, Bolu E, Saglam K. Increased frequency of anxiety, depression, quality of life and sexual life in young hypogonadotropic hypogonadal males and impacts of testosterone replacement therapy on these conditions. Endocr J. 2012;59(12):1099-105.
4. Aikey JL, Nyby JG, Anmuth DM, James PJ. Testosterone rapidly reduces anxiety in male house mice (Mus musculus). Horm Behav. 2002 Dec;42(4):448-60
5. Cooper MA, Ritchie EC. Testosterone replacement therapy for anxiety. Am J Psychiatry. 2000 Nov;157(11):1884

Memory loss in men: the association with lower testosterone (19 references)

1. Panizzon MS, Hauger RL, Xian H, Jacobson K, Lyons MJ, Franz CE, Kremen WS. Interactive effects of testosterone and cortisol on hippocampal volume and episodic memory in middle-aged men. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2018 May;91:115-122.
2. Li J, Xiao W, Sha W, Xian K, Tang X, Zhang X. Relationship of serum testosterone levels with cognitive function in chronic antipsychotic-treated male patients with schizophrenia. Asia Pac Psychiatry. 2015 Sep;7(3):323-9.
3. Hogervorst E, Matthews FE, Brayne C. Are optimal levels of testosterone associated with better cognitive function in healthy older women and men? Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010 Oct;1800(10):1145-52.
4. Trumble BC, Stieglitz J, Thompson ME, Fuerstenberg E, Kaplan H, Gurven M. Testosterone and male cognitive performance in Tsimane forager-horticulturalists. Am J Hum Biol. 2015 Jul-Aug;27(4):582-6.
5. Panizzon MS, Hauger R, Xian H, Vuoksimaa E, Spoon KM, Mendoza SP, Jacobson KC, Vasilopoulos T, Rana BK, McKenzie R, McCaffery JM, Lyons MJ, Kremen W, Franz CE. Interaction of APOE genotype and testosterone on episodic memory in middle-aged men. Neurobiol Aging. 2014 Jul;35(7):1778.e1-8.

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Memory loss in men: the improvement with testosterone treatment (7 references)

1. Lašaitė L, Čeponis J, Preikša RT, Žilaitienė B. Effects of two-year testosterone replacement therapy on cognition, emotions and quality of life in young and middle-aged hypogonadal men. Andrologia. 2017 Apr;49(3).
2. Jung HJ, Shin HS. Effect of testosterone replacement therapy on cognitive performance and depression in men with testosterone deficiency syndrome. World J Mens Health. 2016 Dec;34(3):194-199.
3. Wahjoepramono EJ, Asih PR, Aniwiyanti V, Taddei K, Dhaliwal SS, Fuller SJ, Foster J, Carruthers M, Verdile G, Sohrabi HR, Martins RN. The effects of testosterone supplementation on cognitive functioning in older men. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2016;15(3):337-43.
4. Cherrier MM, Matsumoto AM, Amory JK, Johnson M, Craft S, Peskind ER, Raskind MA. Characterization of verbal and spatial memory changes from moderate to supraphysiological increases in serum testosterone in healthy older men. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2007 Jan;32(1):72-9.
5. Cherrier MM, Matsumoto AM, Amory JK, Asthana S, Bremner W, Peskind ER, Raskind MA, Craft S. Testosterone improves spatial memory in men with Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment. 2005 Jun 28;64(12):2063-8

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Alzheimer’s disease, amyloid beta type levels, other types of dementia: the association with lower testosterone (14 references)

1. Carr JS, Bonham LW, Morgans AK, Ryan CJ, Yokoyama JS, Geier EG; Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Genetic variation in the androgen receptor and measures of plasma testosterone levels suggest androgen dysfunction in alzheimer’s disease. Front Neurosci. 2018 Aug 7;12:529
2. Verdile G, Laws SM, Henley D, Ames D, Bush AI, Ellis KA, Faux NG, Gupta VB, Li QX, Masters CL, Pike KE, Rowe CC, Szoeke C, Taddei K, Villemagne VL, Martins RN; AIBL Research Group. Associations between gonadotropins, testosterone and β amyloid in men at risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Mol Psychiatry. 2014 Jan;19(1):69-75.
3. Carcaillon L, Brailly-Tabard S, Ancelin ML, Tzourio C, Foubert-Samier A, Dartigues JF, Guiochon-Mantel A, Scarabin PY. Low testosterone and the risk of dementia in elderly men: Impact of age and education. Alzheimers Dement. 2014 Oct;10(5 Suppl):S306-14.
4. Chu LW, Tam S, Wong RL, Yik PY, Song Y, Cheung BM, Morley JE, Lam KS. Bioavailable testosterone predicts a lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease in older men. J Alzheimers Dis. 2010;21(4):1335-45.
5. Suravarapu S, Bergstralh EJ, Farmer SA, Knopman DS, Jacobsen SJ, Roberts RO. Dementia and low testosterone and bioavailable testosterone levels in men: possible increased risk. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2006 Jul-Sep;20(3):138-40

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Memory loss  in Parkinson’s disease: the association with lower testosterone levels (1 reference)

1. Okun MS, DeLong MR, Hanfelt J, Gearing M, Levey A. Plasma testosterone levels in Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. Neurology. 2004 Feb 10;62(3):411-3.

Alzheimer’s disease in men: the improvement with testosterone treatment (2 references)

1. Lu PH, Masterman DA, Mulnard R, Cotman C, Miller B, Yaffe K, Reback E, Porter V, Swerdloff R, Cummings JL. Effects of testosterone on cognition and mood in male patients with mild Alzheimer disease and healthy elderly men. Arch Neurol. 2006 Feb;63(2):177-85.
2. Cherrier MM, Matsumoto AM, Amory JK, Asthana S, Bremner W, Peskind ER, Raskind MA, Craft S. Testosterone improves spatial memory in men with Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment. 2005 Jun 28;64(12):2063-8

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia: the association with lower testosterone levels (4 references)

1. Sisek-Šprem M, Križaj A, Jukić V, Milošević M, Petrović Z, Herceg M. Testosterone levels and clinical features of schizophrenia with emphasis on negative symptoms and aggression. Nord J Psychiatry. 2015 Feb;69(2):102-9.
2. Ko YH, Jung SW, Joe SH, Lee CH, Jung HG, Jung IK, Kim SH, Lee MS. Association between serum testosterone levels and the severity of negative symptoms in male patients with chronic schizophrenia. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2007 May;32(4):385-91.
3. Akhondzadeh S, Rezaei F, Larijani B, Nejatisafa AA, Kashani L, Abbasi SH. Correlation between testosterone, gonadotropins and prolactin and severity of negative symptoms in male patients with chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2006 Jun;84(2-3):405-10.
4. Goyal RO, Sagar R, Ammini AC, Khurana ML, Alias AG. Negative correlation between negative symptoms of schizophrenia and testosterone levels. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004 Dec;1032:291-4.

Psychosis: the association with low testosterone levels in men (2 references)

1. Fernandez-Egea E, García-Rizo C, Miller B, Parellada E, Justicia A, Bernardo M, Kirkpatrick B. Testosterone in newly diagnosed, antipsychotic-naive men with nonaffective psychosis: a test of the accelerated aging hypothesis. Psychosom Med. 2011 Oct;73(8):643-7.
2. van Rijn S, Aleman A, de Sonneville L, Sprong M, Ziermans T, Schothorst P, van Engeland H, Swaab H. Neuroendocrine markers of high risk for psychosis: salivary testosterone in adolescent boys with prodromal symptoms. Psychol Med. 2011 Sep;41(9):1815-22.

Autism in boys (age 12-18): the association with low testosterone levels (1 reference)

1. Croonenberghs J, Van Grieken S, Wauters A, Van West D, Brouw L, Maes M, Deboutte D. Serum testosterone concentration in male autistic youngsters. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2010;31(4):483-8.

 Autism: the association with high intrauterine testosterone exposure (1 reference)

1. Auyeung B, Baron-Cohen S, Ashwin E, Knickmeyer R, Taylor K, Hackett G. Fetal testosterone and autistic traits. Br J Psychol. 2009 Feb;100(Pt 1):1-22

Schizophrenia: the improvement with testosterone treatment (case report) (1 reference)

1. Jha S, GargA. Add on testosterone therapy in negative symptoms of schizophrenia with gonadal trauma: Hitting the bull’s eye. Psychiatry Res. 2016 Jun 30;240:265-266.

Sleep disorder in men: the association with lower testosterone levels (7 references)

1. Charlier CM, Barr ML, Colby SE, Greene GW, Olfert MD. Correlations of self-reported androgen deficiency in ageing males (adam) with stress and sleep among young adult males. healthcare (basel). 2018 Oct 1;6(4).
2. Patel P, Shiff B, Kohn TP, Ramasamy R. Impaired sleep is associated with low testosterone in us adult males: results from the national health and nutrition examination survey. World J Urol. 2018 Sep 17.
3. Gonzalez BD, Small BJ, Cases MG, Williams NL, Fishman MN, Jacobsen PB, Jim HSL. Sleep disturbance in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: the role of hot flashes and nocturia. Cancer. 2018 Feb 1;124(3):499-506.
4. Koskderelioglu A, Gedizlioglu M, Ceylan Y, Gunlusoy B, Kahyaoglu N. Quality of sleep in patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. Neurol Sci. 2017 Aug;38(8):1445-1451.
5. Andersen ML, Tufik S. The effects of testosterone on sleep and sleep-disordered breathing in men: its bidirectional interaction with erectile function. Sleep Med Rev. 2008 Oct;12(5):365-79

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Sleep disorder in men: the improvement with testosterone treatment (1 reference)

1. Sofimajidpour H, Teimoori T, Gharibi F. The effect of testosterone on men with andropause. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2015 Dec 26;17(12):e19406.

Sleep apnea in men: the association with low testosterone levels (4 references)

1. Viana A Jr, Daflon AC, Couto A, Neves D, de Araujo-Melo MH, Capasso R. Nocturnal hypoxemia is associated with low testosterone levels in overweight males and older men with normal weight. J Clin Sleep Med. 2017 Dec 15;13(12):1395-1401
2. Bercea RM, Mihaescu T, Cojocaru C, Bjorvatn B. Fatigue and serum testosterone in obstructive sleep apnea patients. Clin Respir J. 2015 Jul;9(3):342-9.
3. Bercea RM, Patacchioli FR, Ghiciuc CM, Cojocaru E, Mihaescu T. Serum testosterone and depressive symptoms in severe OSA patients. Andrologia. 2013 Oct;45(5):345-50.
4. Canguven O, Salepci B, Albayrak S, Selimoglu A, Balaban M, Bulbul M. Is there a correlation between testosterone levels and the severity of the disease in male patients with obstructive sleep apnea? Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2010 Dec;82(4):143-7

Higher sexual drive in men: the association with higher testosterone levels (6 references)

1. Cunningham GR, Stephens-Shields AJ, Rosen RC, Wang C, Ellenberg SS, Matsumoto AM, Bhasin S, Molitch ME, Farrar JT, Cella D, Barrett-Connor E, Cauley JA, Cifelli D, Crandall JP, Ensrud KE, Fluharty L, Gill TM, Lewis CE, Pahor M, Resnick SM, Storer TW, Swerdloff RS, Anton S, Basaria S, Diem S, Tabatabaie V, Hou X, Snyder PJ.
2. Gettler LT, McDade TW, Agustin SS, Feranil AB, Kuzawa CW. Do testosterone declines during the transition to marriage and fatherhood relate to men’s sexual behavior? Evidence from the Philippines. Horm Behav. 2013 Nov;64(5):755-63.
3. Ng E, Woo HH, Turner S, Leong E, Jackson M, Spry N. The influence of testosterone suppression and recovery on sexual function in men with prostate cancer: observations from a prospective study in men undergoing intermittent androgen suppression. J Urol. 2012 Jun;187(6):2162-6.
4. Travison TG, Morley JE, Araujo AB, O’Donnell AB, McKinlay JB. The relationship between libido and testosterone levels in aging men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Jul;91(7):2509-13
5. Travison TG, Morley JE, Araujo AB, O’Donnell AB, McKinlay JB. The relationship between libido and testosterone levels in aging men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Jul;91(7):2509-13

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Higher sexual function (sexual desire and potency) in men with androgen deprivation: the association with higher testosterone levels (4 references)

1. Donovan KA, Gonzalez BD, Nelson AM, Fishman MN, Zachariah B, Jacobsen PB. Effect of androgen deprivation therapy on sexual function and bother in men with prostate cancer: A controlled comparison. Psychooncology. 2018 Jan;27(1):316-324.
2. Kushnir T, Gofrit ON, Elkayam R, Paluch-Shimon S, Lawrence YR, Weiss L, Symon Z. Impact of androgen deprivation therapy on sexual and hormonal function in patients receiving radiation therapy for prostate cancer. Isr Med Assoc J. 2016 Jan;18(1):49-53.
3. Benedict C, Traeger L, Dahn JR, Antoni M, Zhou ES, Bustillo N, Penedo FJ. Sexual bother in men with advanced prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy. J Sex Med. 2014 Oct;11(10):2571-80.
4. Gay HA, Michalski JM, Hamstra DA, Wei JT, Dunn RL, Klein EA, Sandler HM, Saigal C, Litwin M, Kuban D, Hembroff L, Chang P, Sanda MG; PROSTQA Consortium. Neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy leads to immediate impairment of vitality/hormonal and sexual quality of life: results of a multicenter prospective study. Urology. 2013 Dec;82(6):1363-8.

Erectile function: the association with higher testosterone levels (26 references)

1. Behnaz M, Majd Z, Radfar M, Ajami H, Qorbani M, Kokab A. Prevalence of androgen deficiency in chronic spinal cord injury patients suffering from erectile dysfunction. Spinal Cord. 2017 Dec;55(12):1061-1065.
2. Omar YA, Younis SE, Ismail IY, El-Sakka AI. Testosterone level and endothelial dysfunction in patients with vasculogenic erectile dysfunction. Andrology. 2017 May;5(3):527-534.
3. Ajo R, Segura A, Mira L, Inda MD, Alfayate R, Sánchez-Barbie A, Margarit C, Peiró AM. The relationship of salivary testosterone and male sexual dysfunction in opioid-associated androgen deficiency (OPIAD). Aging Male. 2017 Mar;20(1):1-8.
4. Traish AM, Haider KS, Doros G, Haider A. Finasteride, not tamsulosin, increases severity of erectile dysfunction and decreases testosterone levels in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2015 Sep;23(3):85-96.
5. Roaiah MF, El Khayat YI, GamalEl Din SF, Abd El Salam MA. Pilot study on the effect of botanical medicine (tribulus terrestris) on serum testosterone level and erectile function in aging males with partial androgen deficiency (padam). J Sex Marital Ther. 2016 May 18;42(4):297-301.

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Erectile function: the association with high testosterone/low estradiol levels (2 references)

1. Wu F, Chen T, Mao S, Jiang H, Ding Q, Xu G. Levels of estradiol and testosterone are altered in Chinese men with sexual dysfunction. Andrology. 2016 Sep;4(5):932-8.
2. El-Sakka AI. Impact of the association between elevated oestradiol and low testosterone levels on erectile dysfunction severity. Asian J Androl. 2013 Jul;15(4):492-6.

Loss of sexual desire: the improvement with testosterone treatment (11 references)

1. Hackett G, Cole N, Saghir A, Jones P, Strange RC, Ramachandran S. Testosterone replacement therapy: improved sexual desire and erectile function in men with type 2 diabetes following a 30-week randomized placebo-controlled study. Andrology. 2017 Sep;5(5):905-913.
2. Hackett G, Cole N, Saghir A, Jones P, Strange RC, Ramachandran S. Testosterone undecanoate improves sexual function in men with type 2 diabetes and severe hypogonadism: results from a 30-week randomized placebo-controlled study. BJU Int. 2016 Nov;118(5):804-813.
3. Cunningham GR, Stephens-Shields AJ, Rosen RC, Wang C, Bhasin S, Matsumoto AM, Parsons JK, Gill TM, Molitch ME, Farrar JT, Cella D, Barrett-Connor E, Cauley JA, Cifelli D, Crandall JP, Ensrud KE, Gallagher L, Zeldow B, Lewis CE, Pahor M, Swerdloff RS, Hou X, Anton S, Basaria S, Diem SJ, Tabatabaie V, Ellenberg SS, Snyder PJ. Testosterone treatment and sexual function in older men with low testosterone levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Aug;101(8):3096-104.
4. Melehan KL, Hoyos CM, Yee BJ, Wong KK, Buchanan PR, Grunstein RR, Liu PY. Increased sexual desire with exogenous testosterone administration in men with obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Andrology. 2016 Jan;4(1):55-61.
5. Pexman-Fieth C, Behre HM, Morales A, Kan-Dobrosky N, Miller MG. A 6-month observational study of energy, sexual desire, and body proportions in hypogonadal men treated with a testosterone 1% gel. Aging Male. 2014 Mar;17(1):1-11.

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Sexual dysfunction (loss off sexual drive and potency) in men: the improvement with testosterone treatment (11 references)

1. Aydogan U, Aydogdu A, Akbulut H, Sonmez A, Yuksel S, Basaran Y, Uzun O, Bolu E, Saglam K. Increased frequency of anxiety, depression, quality of life and sexual life in young hypogonadotropic hypogonadal males and impacts of testosterone replacement therapy on these conditions. Endocr J. 2012;59(12):1099-105.
2. Gray PB, Singh AB, Woodhouse LJ, Storer TW, Casaburi R, Dzekov J, Dzekov C, Sinha-Hikim I, Bhasin S. Dose-dependent effects of testosterone on sexual function, mood, and visuospatial cognition in older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Jul;90(7):3838-46
3. Wang C, Cunningham G, Dobs A, Iranmanesh A, Matsumoto AM, Snyder PJ, Weber T, Berman N, Hull L, Swerdloff RS. Long-term testosterone gel (AndroGel) treatment maintains beneficial effects on sexual function and mood, lean and fat mass, and bone mineral density in hypogonadal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 May;89(5):2085-98.
4. Wang C, Swedloff RS, Iranmanesh A, Dobs A, Snyder PJ, Cunningham G, Matsumoto AM, Weber T, Berman N. Transdermal testosterone gel improves sexual function, mood, muscle strength, and body composition parameters in hypogonadal men. Testosterone Gel Study Group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Aug;85(8):2839-53
5. Zhuravlev VN, Frank MA, Gomzhin AI. Sexual functions of men with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and hypogonadism may improve upon testosterone administration: a pilot study. Andrologia. 2009 Jun;41(3):193-5

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Erectile dysfunction: the improvement with testosterone treatment (20 references)

1. Rosen RC, Wu F, Behre HM, Porst H, Meuleman EJH, Maggi M, Romero-Otero J, Martinez-Salamanca JI, Jones TH, Debruyne FMJ, Kurth KH, Hackett GI, Quinton R, Stroberg P, Reisman Y, Pescatori ES, Morales A, Bassas L, Cruz N, Cunningham GR, Wheaton OA; RHYME Investigators. Quality of life and sexual function benefits of long-term testosterone treatment: longitudinal results from the registry of hypogonadism in men (RHYME). J Sex Med. 2017 Sep;14(9):1104-1115.
2. Hackett G, Cole N, Saghir A, Jones P, Strange RC, Ramachandran S. Testosterone replacement therapy: improved sexual desire and erectile function in men with type 2 diabetes following a 30-week randomized placebo-controlled study. Andrology. 2017 Sep;5(5):905-913.
3. Haider KS, Haider A, Doros G, Traish A. Long-term testosterone therapy improves urinary and sexual function, and quality of life in men with hypogonadism: results from a propensity matched subgroup of a controlled registry study. J Urol. 2018 Jan;199(1):257-265.
4. Hackett G, Cole N, Saghir A, Jones P, Strange RC, Ramachandran S. Testosterone undecanoate improves sexual function in men with type 2 diabetes and severe hypogonadism: results from a 30-week randomized placebo-controlled study. BJU Int. 2016 Nov;118(5):804-813.
5. Canguven O, Talib RA, El-Ansari W, Shamsoddini A, Salman M, Al-Ansari A. RigiScan data under long-term testosterone therapy: improving long-term blood circulation of penile arteries, penile length and girth, erectile function, and nocturnal penile tumescence and duration. Aging Male. 2016 Dec;19(4):215-220.

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Erectile function: the improvement with testosterone and PDE5 inhibitor treatment (2 references)

1. Park MG, Yeo JK, Cho DY, Kim JW, Kim JW, Oh MM, Kim JJ, Moon du G. The efficacy of combination treatment with injectable testosterone undecanoate and daily tadalafil for erectile dysfunction with testosterone deficiency syndrome. J Sex Med. 2015 Apr;12(4):966-74.
2. Zhuravlev VN, Frank MA, Gomzhin AI. Sexual functions of men with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and hypogonadism may improve upon testosterone administration: a pilot study. Andrologia. 2009 Jun;41(3):193-5

Masculine face: the association with high testosterone levels (3 references)

1. Hodges-Simeon CR, Hanson Sobraske KN, Samore T, Gurven M, Gaulin SJ. Facial Width-To-Height Ratio (fWHR) Is Not Associated with Adolescent Testosterone Levels. PLoS One. 2016 Apr 14;11(4):e0153083.
2. Whitehouse AJ, Gilani SZ, Shafait F, Mian A, Tan DW, Maybery MT, Keelan JA, Hart R, Handelsman DJ, Goonawardene M, Eastwood P. Prenatal testosterone exposure is related to sexually dimorphic facial morphology in adulthood. Proc Biol Sci. 2015 Oct 7;282(1816):20151351.
3. Pound N, Penton-Voak IS, Surridge AK. Testosterone responses to competition in men are related to facial masculinity. Proc Biol Sci. 2009 Jan 7;276(1654):153-9.

Masculine secondary characteristics: the improvement with testosterone treatment in men (3 references)

1. Kido Y, Sakazume S, Abe Y, Oto Y, Itabashi H, Shiraishi M, Yoshino A, Tanaka Y, Obata K, Murakami N, Nagai T. Testosterone replacement therapy to improve secondary sexual characteristics and body composition without adverse behavioral problems in adult male patients with Prader-Willi syndrome: an observational study. Am J Med Genet A. 2013 Sep;161A(9):2167-73.
2. Giagulli VA, Triggiani V, Carbone MD, Corona G, Tafaro E, Licchelli B, Guastamacchia E. The role of long-acting parenteral testosterone undecanoate compound in the induction of secondary sexual characteristics in males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. J Sex Med. 2011 Dec;8(12):3471-8. serum levels of T, SHBG, FT, and BT increased in all of the patients receiving oral TU and parental TU treatments, and this was accompanied by a development of secondary sexual characteristics
3. Pound N, Penton-Voak IS, Surridge AK. Testosterone responses to competition in men are related to facial masculinity. Proc Biol Sci. 2009 Jan 7;276(1654):153-9

Muscle strength loss in men: the association with lower testosterone levels (4 references)

1. Chin KY, Soelaiman IN, Naina Mohamed I, Shahar S, Teng NI, Suhana Mohd Ramli E, Ahmad F, Aminuddin A, Zurinah Wan Ngah W. Testosterone is associated with age-related changes in bone health status, muscle strength and body composition in men. Aging Male. 2012 Dec;15(4):240-5.
2. Cigarrán S, Pousa M, Castro MJ, González B, Martínez A, Barril G, Aguilera A, Coronel F, Stenvinkel P, Carrero JJ. Endogenous testosterone, muscle strength, and fat-free mass in men with chronic kidney disease. J Ren Nutr. 2013 Sep;23(5):e89-95.
3. Auyeung TW, Lee JS, Kwok T, Leung J, Ohlsson C, Vandenput L, Leung PC, Woo J. Testosterone but not estradiol level is positively related to muscle strength and physical performance independent of muscle mass: a cross-sectional study in 1489 older men. Eur J Endocrinol. 2011 May;164(5):811-7.
4. Hansen L, Bangsbo J, Twisk J, Klausen K.. Development of muscle strength in relation to training level and testosterone in young male soccer players. J Appl Physiol. 1999 Sep;87(3):1141-7

Muscle strength: the improvement with testosterone treatment in men (9 references)

1. Magnussen LV, Hvid LG, Hermann AP, Hougaard DM, Gram B, Caserotti P, Andersen MS. Testosterone therapy preserves muscle strength and power in aging men with type 2 diabetes-a randomized controlled trial. Andrology. 2017 Sep;5(5):946-953.
2. Storer TW, Basaria S, Traustadottir T, Harman SM, Pencina K, Li Z, Travison TG, Miciek R, Tsitouras P, Hally K, Huang G, Bhasin S. Effects of testosterone supplementation for 3 years on muscle performance and physical function in older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017 Feb 1;102(2):583-593.
3. Schroeder ET, He J, Yarasheski KE, Binder EF, Castaneda-Sceppa C, Bhasin S, Dieli-Conwright CM, Kawakubo M, Roubenoff R, Azen SP, Sattler FR. Value of measuring muscle performance to assess changes in lean mass with testosterone and growth hormone supplementation. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2012 Mar;112(3):1123-31.
4. Travison TG, Basaria S, Storer TW, Jette AM, Miciek R, Farwell WR, Choong K, Lakshman K, Mazer NA, Coviello AD, Knapp PE, Ulloor J, Zhang A, Brooks B, Nguyen AH, Eder R, LeBrasseur N, Elmi A, Appleman E, Hede-Brierley L, Bhasin G, Bhatia A, Lazzari A, Davis S, Ni P, Collins L, Bhasin S. Clinical meaningfulness of the changes in muscle performance and physical function associated with testosterone administration in older men with mobility limitation. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2011 Oct;66(10):1090-9.
5. O’Connell MD, Roberts SA, Srinivas-Shankar U, Tajar A, Connolly MJ, Adams JE, Oldham JA, Wu FC. Do the effects of testosterone on muscle strength, physical function, body composition, and quality of life persist six months after treatment in intermediate-frail and frail elderly men? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Feb;96(2):454-8.

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Sarcopenia in men: the association with low testosterone levels (6 references)

1. Moctezuma-Velázquez C, Low G, Mourtzakis M, Ma M, Burak KW, Tandon P, Montano-Loza AJ. Association between low testosterone levels and sarcopenia in cirrhosis: a cross-sectional study. Ann Hepatol. 2018 July – August ,;17(4):615-623.
2. Kojo G, Yoshida T, Ohkawa S, Odamaki M, Kato A, Takita T, Maruyama Y, Kumagai H. Association of serum total testosterone concentration with skeletal muscle mass in men under hemodialysis. Int Urol Nephrol. 2014 May;46(5):985-91.
3. Yuki A, Otsuka R, Kozakai R, Kitamura I, Okura T, Ando F, Shimokata H. Relationship between low free testosterone levels and loss of muscle mass. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1818.
4. Chin KY, Soelaiman IN, Naina Mohamed I, Shahar S, Teng NI, Suhana Mohd Ramli E, Ahmad F, Aminuddin A, Zurinah Wan Ngah W. Testosterone is associated with age-related changes in bone health status, muscle strength and body composition in men. Aging Male. 2012 Dec;15(4):240-5.
5. Cigarrán S, Pousa M, Castro MJ, González B, Martínez A, Barril G, Aguilera A, Coronel F, Stenvinkel P, Carrero JJ. Endogenous testosterone, muscle strength, and fat-free mass in men with chronic kidney disease. J Ren Nutr. 2013 Sep;23(5):e89-95.

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Sarcopenia in men: the improvement with testosterone treatment (15 references)

1. Sinclair M, Grossmann M, Hoermann R, Angus PW, Gow PJ. Testosterone therapy increases muscle mass in men with cirrhosis and low testosterone: A randomised controlled trial. J Hepatol. 2016 Nov;65(5):906-913.
2. Dos Santos MR, Sayegh AL, Bacurau AV, Arap MA, Brum PC, Pereira RM, Takayama L, Barretto AC, Negrão CE, Alves MJ. Effect of exercise training and testosterone replacement on skeletal muscle wasting in patients with heart failure with testosterone deficiency. Mayo Clin Proc. 2016 May;91(5):575-86.
3. Fitts RH, Peters JR, Dillon EL, Durham WJ, Sheffield-Moore M, Urban RJ. Weekly versus monthly testosterone administration on fast and slow skeletal muscle fibers in older adult males. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Feb;100(2):E223-31.
4. Urban RJ, Dillon EL, Choudhary S, Zhao Y, Horstman AM, Tilton RG, Sheffield-Moore M. Translational studies in older men using testosterone to treat sarcopenia. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 2014;125:27-42; discussion 42-4.
5. Frederiksen L, Højlund K, Hougaard DM, Brixen K, Andersen M. Testosterone therapy increased muscle mass and lipid oxidation in aging men. Age (Dordr). 2012 Feb;34(1):145-56.

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Low lean body mass in men: the association with lower testosterone levels (1 reference)

1. Lee K, Sung J, Song YM. Genetic and environmental influence on the association between testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin and body composition in Korean men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2015 Aug;83(2):236-45.

Low lean body mass and high-fat mass in men: the association with lower testosterone levels (4 references)

1. Abilmona SM, Sumrell RM, Gill RS, Adler RA, Gorgey AS. Serum testosterone levels may influence body composition and cardiometabolic health in men with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2019 Mar;57(3):229-239.
2. Chin KY, Soelaiman IN, Naina Mohamed I, Shahar S, Teng NI, Suhana Mohd Ramli E, Ahmad F, Aminuddin A, Zurinah Wan Ngah W. Testosterone is associated with age-related changes in bone health status, muscle strength and body composition in men. Aging Male. 2012 Dec;15(4):240-5.
3. Mouser JG, Loprinzi PD, Loenneke JP. The association between physiologic testosterone levels, lean mass, and fat mass in a nationally representative sample of men in the United States. Steroids. 2016 Nov;115:62-66.
4. Mauras N, Hayes V, Welch S, Rini A, Helgeson K, Dokler M, Veldhuis JD, Urban RJ. Testosterone deficiency in young men: marked alterations in whole body protein kinetics, strength, and adiposity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Jun;83(6):1886-92

Low lean body mass and high-fat mass in men: the improvement with testosterone treatment (21 references)

1. Zhou T, Hu ZY, Zhang HP, Zhao K, Zhang Y, Li Y, Wei JJ, Yuan HF. The effects of testosterone on body composition in obese men are not sustained after cessation of testosterone treatment. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2017 Oct;87(4):336-343.
2. Thirumalai A, Rubinow KB, Cooper LA, Amory JK, Marck BT, Matsumoto AM, Page ST. Dose-response effects of sex hormone concentrations on body composition and adipokines in medically castrated healthy men administered graded doses of testosterone gel. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2017 Jul;87(1):59-67.
3. Ng Tang Fui M, Prendergast LA, Dupuis P, Raval M, Strauss BJ, Zajac JD, Grossmann M. Effects of testosterone treatment on body fat and lean mass in obese men on a hypocaloric diet: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Med. 2016 Oct 7;14(1):153.
4. Magnussen LV, Glintborg D, Hermann P, Hougaard DM, Højlund K, Andersen M. Effect of testosterone on insulin sensitivity, oxidative metabolism and body composition in aging men with type 2 diabetes on metformin monotherapy. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2016 Oct;18(10):980-9.
5. Corona G, Giagulli VA, Maseroli E, Vignozzi L, Aversa A, Zitzmann M, Saad F, Mannucci E, Maggi M. Testosterone supplementation and body composition: results from a meta-analysis of observational studies. J Endocrinol Invest. 2016 Sep;39(9):967-81.

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Hypercholesterolemia in men: the association with lower testosterone levels (16 references)

1. Shen XB, Xiong SM, Liu FW, Shi YJ, Yu Q, Li Q, Shen LB, Zhou YZ. Correlation of serum androgen levels with lipid metabolism in middle-aged and elderly men in Zunyi, Guizhou. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2018 Apr;24(4):311-316
2. Chillarón JJ, Fernández-Miró M, Albareda M, Fontserè S, Colom C, Vila L, Pedro-Botet J, Flores Le-Roux JA. Testosterone undecanoate improves lipid profile in patients with type 1 diabetes and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Endocr J. 2016 Sep 30;63(9):849-855.
3. Mitsuzuka K, Kyan A, Sato T, Orikasa K, Miyazato M, Aoki H, Kakoi N, Narita S, Koie T, Namima T, Toyoda S, Fukushi Y, Habuchi T, Ohyama C, Arai Y; Tohoku Evidence-Based Medicine Study Group; Michinoku Urological Cancer Study Group. Influence of 1 year of androgen deprivation therapy on lipid and glucose metabolism and fat accumulation in Japanese patients with prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2016 Mar;19(1):57-62.
4. Oka R, Utsumi T, Endo T, Yano M, Kamijima S, Kamiya N, Shirai K, Suzuki H. Effect of androgen deprivation therapy on arterial stiffness and serum lipid profile changes in patients with prostate cancer: a prospective study of initial 6-month follow-up. Int J Clin Oncol. 2016 Apr;21(2):389-396.
5. Zhang N, Zhang H, Zhang X, Zhang B, Wang F, Wang C, Zhao M, Yu C, Gao L, Zhao J, Guan Q. The relationship between endogenous testosterone and lipid profile in middle-aged and elderly Chinese men. Eur J Endocrinol. 2014 Mar 8;170(4):487-94.

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Hypercholesterolemia in men: the improvement with testosterone treatment (7 references)

1. Canguven O, Talib RA, El Ansari W, Yassin DJ, Salman M, Al-Ansari A.Testosterone therapy has positive effects on anthropometric measures, metabolic syndrome components (obesity, lipid profile, Diabetes Mellitus control), blood indices, liver enzymes, and prostate health indicators in elderly hypogonadal men. Andrologia. 2017 Dec;49(10).
2. Chillarón JJ, Fernández-Miró M, Albareda M, Fontserè S, Colom C, Vila L, Pedro-Botet J, Flores Le-Roux JA. Testosterone undecanoate improves lipid profile in patients with type 1 diabetes and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Endocr J. 2016 Sep 30;63(9):849-855.
3. Permpongkosol S, Tantirangsee N, Ratana-olarn K. Treatment of 161 men with symptomatic late-onset hypogonadism with long-acting parenteral testosterone undecanoate: effects on body composition, lipids, and psychosexual complaints. J Sex Med. 2010 Nov;7(11):3765-74
4. Kapoor D, Goodwin E, Channer KS, Jones TH. Testosterone replacement therapy improves insulin resistance, glycaemic control, visceral adiposity and hypercholesterolaemia in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes. Eur J Endocrinol. 2006 Jun;154(6):899-906
5. Whitsel EA, Boyko EJ, Matsumoto AM, Anawalt BD, Siscovick DS. Intramuscular testosterone esters and plasma lipids in hypogonadal men: a meta-analysis. Am J Med. 2001 Sep;111(4):261-9

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Atherosclerosis in men: the association with lower testosterone levels (12 references)

1. Chan YX, Knuiman MW, Hung J, Divitini ML, Handelsman DJ, Beilby JP, McQuillan B, Yeap BB. Testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and estradiol are differentially associated with carotid intima-media thickness and the presence of carotid plaque in men with and without coronary artery disease. Endocr J. 2015;62(9):777-86.
2. Farias JM, Tinetti M, Khoury M, Umpierrez GE. Low testosterone concentration and atherosclerotic disease markers in male patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Dec;99(12):4698-703.
3. Kwon H, Lee DG, Kang HC, Lee JH. The relationship between testosterone, metabolic syndrome, and mean carotid intima-media thickness in aging men. Aging Male. 2014 Dec;17(4):211-5.
4. Tsujimura A, Yamamoto R, Okuda H, Yamamoto K, Fukuhara S, Yoshioka I, Kiuchi H, Takao T, Miyagawa Y, Nishida M, Yamauchi-Takihara K, Moriyama T, Nonomura N. Low serum free testosterone level is associated with carotid intima-media thickness in middle-aged Japanese men. Endocr J. 2012;59(9):809-15.
5. Soisson V, Brailly-Tabard S, Empana JP, Féart C, Ryan J, Bertrand M, Guiochon-Mantel A, Scarabin PY. Low plasma testosterone and elevated carotid intima-media thickness: importance of low-grade inflammation in elderly men. Atherosclerosis. 2012 Jul;223(1):244-9.

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Atherosclerosis in men: the improvement with testosterone treatment (4 references)

1. Francomano D, Bruzziches R, Barbaro G, Lenzi A, Aversa A. Effects of testosterone undecanoate replacement and withdrawal on cardio-metabolic, hormonal and body composition outcomes in severely obese hypogonadal men: a pilot study. J Endocrinol Invest. 2014 Apr;37(4):401-11.
2. Aversa A, Bruzziches R, Francomano D, Rosano G, Isidori AM, Lenzi A, Spera G. Effects of testosterone undecanoate on cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in middle-aged men with late-onset hypogonadism and metabolic syndrome: results from a 24-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Sex Med. 2010 Oct;7(10):3495-503.
3. Kalinchenko S, Zemlyanoy A, Gooren LJ. Improvement of the diabetic foot upon testosterone administration to hypogonadal men with peripheral arterial disease. Report of three cases. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2009 Mar 28;8:19
4. Bhasin S. Effects of testosterone administration on fat distribution, insulin sensitivity, and atherosclerosis progression. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;37 Suppl 2:S142-9

Thrombosis: the association (reduced fibrinolysis) with low testosterone levels (3 references)

1. Glueck CJ, Glueck HI, Stroop D, Speirs J, Hamer T, Tracy T. Endogenous testosterone, fibrinolysis, and coronary heart disease risk in hyperlipidemic men. J Lab Clin Med. 1993 Oct;122(4):412-20
2. Bonithon-Kopp C, Scarabin PY, Bara L, Castanier M, Jacqueson A, Roger M. Relationship between sex hormones and haemostatic factors in healthy middle-aged men. Atherosclerosis. 1988 May;71(1):71-6
3. Bennet A, Caron P, Sie P, Louvet JP, Bazex J. Post-phlebitic leg ulcers and XYY karyotype: fibrinolysis and androgenic function tests. Apropos of 3 cases. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 1987;114(9):1097-101

Thrombosis: the improvement (fibrinolysis) with androgen treatment (5 references)

1. Klocking HP, Markwardt F, Hoffmann A. Animal experiments on the enhancement of fibrinolytic potential by anabolic steroids. Biomed Biochim Acta. 1984;43(4):501-7
2. Kluft C, Preston FE, Malia RG, Bertina RM, Wijngaards G, Greaves M, Verheijen JH, Dooijewaard G. Stanozolol-induced changes in fibrinolysis and coagulation in healthy adults. Thromb Haemost. 1984;51:157-64
3. Preston FE, Burakowski BK, Porter NR, Malia RG. The fibrinolytic response to stanozolol in normal subjects. Thrombos Res. 1981; 22 :543-57
4. Walker ID, Davidson JF, Young P, Conkie JA. Effect of anabolic steroids on plasma antithrombin III. alpha2 macroglobulin and alpha1 antitrypsin levels. Thromb Diath Haemorrh. 1975 Sep 30;34(1):106-14
5. Walker ID, Davidson JF, Young P, Conkie JA. Plasma fibrinolytic activity following oral anabolic steroid therapy. Thromb Diath Haemorrh. 1975 Sep 30;34(1):236-45

Arterial hypertension in men: the association with lower testosterone levels (10 references)

1. Jiang Y, Ye J, Zhao M, Tan A, Zhang H, Gao Y, Lu Z, Wu C, Hu Y, Wang Q, Yang X, Mo Z. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between serum testosterone concentrations and hypertension: results from the Fangchenggang area male health and examination survey in China. Clin Chim Acta. 2018 Dec;487:90-95.
2. Kumagai H, Zempo-Miyaki A, Yoshikawa T, Tsujimoto T, Tanaka K, Maeda S. Lifestyle modification increases serum testosterone level and decrease central blood pressure in overweight and obese men. Endocr J. 2015;62(5):423-30.
3. Malan NT, Stalder T, Schlaich MP, Lambert GW, Hamer M, Schutte AE, Huisman HW, Schutte R, Smith W, Mels CM, van Rooyen JM, Malan L. Chronic distress and acute vascular stress responses associated with ambulatory blood pressure in low-testosterone African men: the SABPA Study. J Hum Hypertens. 2014 Jun;28(6):393-8.
4. Malan NT, Hamer M, Schutte AE, Huisman HW, van Rooyen JM, Schutte R, Mels CM, Steyn HS, Smith W, Fourie CM, Glyn M, Malan L. Low testosterone and hyperkinetic blood pressure responses in a cohort of South African men: the SABPA Study. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2013;35(3):228-35.
5. Garcia-Cruz E, Piqueras M, Huguet J, Perez-Marquez M, Gosalbez D, Peri L, Izquierdo L, Luque P, Ribal MJ, Alcaraz A. Hypertension, dyslipidemia and overweight are related to lower testosterone levels in a cohort of men undergoing prostate biopsy. Int J Impot Res. 2012 May-Jun;24(3):110-3.

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Arterial hypertension in men: the improvement with testosterone treatment (1 reference)

1. Shapiro J, Christiana J, Frishman WH. Testosterone and other anabolic steroids as cardiovascular drugs. Am J Ther. 1999 May;6(3):167-74

Coronary heart disease in men: the association with lower testosterone levels (24 references) 

1. Wang A, Arver S, Flanagan J, Gyberg V, Näsman P, Ritsinger V, Mellbin LG. Dynamics of testosterone levels in patients with newly detected glucose abnormalities and acute myocardial infarction. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2018 Nov;15(6):511-518.
2. Separham A, Ghaffari S, Sohrabi B, Aslanabadi N, Hadavi Bavil M, Lotfollahi H. Association of admission testosterone level with ST-segment resolution in male patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Basic Clin Androl. 2017 Jul 21;27:14.
3. Gururani K, Jose J, George PV. Testosterone as a marker of coronary artery disease severity in middle-aged males. Indian Heart J. 2016 Dec;68 Suppl 3:S16-S20.
4. Daka B, Langer RD, Larsson CA, Rosén T, Jansson PA, Råstam L, Lindblad U. Low concentrations of serum testosterone predict acute myocardial infarction in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Endocr Disord. 2015 Jul 25;15:35.
5. Teoh JY, Chan SY, Chiu PK, Poon DM, Cheung HY, Hou SS, Ng CF. Risk of acute myocardial infarction after androgen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancer in a Chinese population. BJU Int. 2015 Sep;116(3):382-7.

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Coronary heart disease in men: the improvement with testosterone treatment (14 references)

1. Oni OA, Sharma R, Chen G, Sharma M, Gupta K, Dawn B, Sharma R, Parashara D, Savin VJ, Cherian G, Ambrose JA, Barua RS. Normalization of testosterone levels after testosterone replacement therapy is not associated with reduced myocardial infarction in smokers. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes. 2017 May 18;1(1):57-66.
2. Anderson JL, May HT, Lappé DL, Bair T, Le V, Carlquist JF, Muhlestein JB. Impact of testosterone replacement therapy on myocardial infarction, stroke, and death in men with low testosterone concentrations in an integrated health care system. Am J Cardiol. 2016 Mar 1;117(5):794-9.
3. Chmiel A, Mizia-Stec K, Wierzbicka-Chmiel J, Rychlik S, Muras A, Mizia M, Bienkowski J. Low testosterone and sexual symptoms in men with acute coronary syndrome can be used to predict major adverse cardiovascular events during long-term follow-up. 2015 Nov;3(6):1113-8.
4. Sharma R, Oni OA, Gupta K, Chen G, Sharma M, Dawn B, Sharma R, Parashara D, Savin VJ, Ambrose JA, Barua RS. Normalization of testosterone level is associated with reduced incidence of myocardial infarction and mortality in men. Eur Heart J. 2015 Oct 21;36(40):2706-15.
5. Baillargeon J, Urban RJ, Kuo YF, Ottenbacher KJ, Raji MA, Du F, Lin YL, Goodwin JS. Risk of myocardial infarction in older men receiving testosterone therapy. Ann Pharmacother. 2014 Sep;48(9):1138-1144.

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Peripheral vascular disease (lower extremity) in men: the association with low testosterone and high estradiol levels (1 reference)

1. Tivesten A, Mellström D, Jutberger H, Fagerberg B, Lernfelt B, Orwoll E, Karlsson MK, Ljunggren O, Ohlsson C. Low serum testosterone and high serum estradiol associate with lower extremity peripheral arterial disease in elderly men. The MrOS Study in Sweden. : J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007 Sep 11;50(11):1070-6 The Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden. asa.tivesten@medic.gu.se

Peripheral vascular disease (including intermittent claudication) in men: the improvement with testosterone treatment (4 references)

1. Yeap BB, Alfonso H, Chubb SA, Handelsman DJ, Hankey GJ, Golledge J, Flicker L, Norman PE. Lower plasma testosterone or dihydrotestosterone, but not estradiol, is associated with symptoms of intermittent claudication in older men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2013 Nov;79(5):725-32.
2. Kalinchenko S, Zemlyanoy A, Gooren LJ. Improvement of the diabetic foot upon testosterone administration to hypogonadal men with peripheral arterial disease. Report of three cases. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2009 Mar 28;8:19
3. Levine S, Likoff W. The therapeutic value of testosterone propionate in angina pectoris. N Engl J Med. 1943;228:770-2
4. Edwards E, Hamilton J, Duntley S. Testosterone propionate as a therapeutic agent in patients with organic disease of peripheral vessels. N Engl J Med. 1939;220:865-9

Stroke in men: the association with lower testosterone levels (5 references)

1. Zeller T, Schnabel RB, Appelbaum S, Ojeda F, Berisha F, Schulte-Steinberg B, Brueckmann BE1, Kuulasmaa K, Jousilahti P, Blankenberg S, Palosaari T, Salomaa V, Karakas M. Low testosterone levels are predictive for incident atrial fibrillation and ischaemic stroke in men, but protective in women – results from the FINRISK study. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2018 Jul;25(11):1133-1139.
2. Cai J, Li J, Chen S, Meng J, Ren R, Li M. Early post-haemorrhagic stroke testosterone and oestradiol levels and long-term risk of death. Brain Inj. 2017;31(3):401-405.
3. Teoh JY, Chiu PK, Chan SY, Poon DM, Cheung HY, Hou SS, Ng CF. Risk of ischemic stroke after androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer in the Chinese population living in Hong Kong. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2015 May;45(5):483-7.
4. Yeap BB, Alfonso H, Chubb SA, Hankey GJ, Handelsman DJ, Golledge J, Almeida OP, Flicker L, Norman PE. In older men, higher plasma testosterone or dihydrotestosterone is an independent predictor for reduced incidence of stroke but not myocardial infarction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Dec;99(12):4565-73.
5. Jespersen CG, Nørgaard M, Borre M. Androgen-deprivation therapy in the treatment of prostate cancer and risk of myocardial infarction and stroke: a nationwide Danish population-based cohort study. Eur Urol. 2014 Apr;65(4):704-9.

Stroke in men: the improvement with testosterone treatment (2 references)

1. Tan RS, Cook KR, Reilly WG. Myocardial infarction and stroke risk in young healthy men treated with injectable testosterone. Int J Endocrinol. 2015;2015:970750.
2. Pan Y, Zhang H, Acharya AB, Patrick PH, Oliver D, Morley JE. Effect of testosterone on functional recovery in a castrate male rat stroke model. Brain Res. 2005 May 10;1043(1-2):195-204

Obesity in men: the association with lower testosterone levels (22 references)

1. Rotter I, Rył A, Grzesiak K, Szylińska A, Pawlukowska W, Lubkowska A, Sipak-Szmigiel O, Pabisiak K, Laszczyńska M. Cross-sectional inverse associations of obesity and fat accumulation indicators with testosterone in non-diabetic aging men. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Jun 8;15(6).
2. Liu F, Tu Y, Zhang P, Bao Y, Han J, Jia W. Decreased visceral fat area correlates with improved total testosterone levels after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in obese Chinese males with type 2 diabetes: a 12-month follow-up. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2018 Apr;14(4):462-468.
3. Eriksson J, Haring R, Grarup N, Vandenput L, Wallaschofski H, Lorentzen E, Hansen T, Mellström D, Pedersen O, Nauck M, Lorentzon M, Nystrup Husemoen LL, Völzke H, Karlsson M, Baumeister SE, Linneberg A, Ohlsson C. Causal relationship between obesity and serum testosterone status in men: A bi-directional mendelian randomization analysis. PLoS One. 2017 Apr 27;12(4).
4. Fillo J, Levcikova M, Ondrusova M, Breza J, Labas P. Importance of different grades of abdominal obesity on testosterone level, erectile dysfunction, and clinical coincidence. Am J Mens Health. 2017 Mar;11(2):240-245.
5. Bekaert M, Van Nieuwenhove Y, Calders P, Cuvelier CA, Batens AH, Kaufman JM, Ouwens DM, Ruige JB. Determinants of testosterone levels in human male obesity. Endocrine. 2015 Sep;50(1):202-11.

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Obesity in men: the improvement with testosterone treatment (17 references)

1. Fillo J, Breza J Jr, Ondrusova M, Luha J, Ondrus D, Dubravicky J, Breza J, Labas P, Levcikova M. Results of long term testosterone replacement therapy in men with abdominal obesity, erectile dysfunction and testosterone deficiency. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2018;119(9):577-580.
2. Dimitriadis GK, Randeva HS, Aftab S, Ali A, Hattersley JG, Pandey S, Grammatopoulos DK, Valsamakis G, Mastorakos G, Jones TH, Barber TM. Metabolic phenotype of male obesity-related secondary hypogonadism pre-replacement and post-replacement therapy with intra-muscular testosterone undecanoate therapy. Endocrine. 2018 Apr;60(1):175-184.
3. Ng Tang Fui M, Hoermann R, Zajac JD, Grossmann M. The effects of testosterone on body composition in obese men are not sustained after cessation of testosterone treatment. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2017 Oct;87(4):336-343.
4. Canguven O, Talib RA, El Ansari W, Yassin DJ, Salman M, Al-Ansari A. Testosterone therapy has positive effects on anthropometric measures, metabolic syndrome components (obesity, lipid profile, Diabetes Mellitus control), blood indices, liver enzymes, and prostate health indicators in elderly hypogonadal men. Andrologia. 2017 Dec;49(10).
5. Ng Tang Fui M, Prendergast LA, Dupuis P, Raval M, Strauss BJ, Zajac JD, Grossmann M. Effects of testosterone treatment on body fat and lean mass in obese men on a hypocaloric diet: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Med. 2016 Oct 7;14(1):153.

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Type 1 diabetes: the association with low testosterone levels in men (3 references)

1. Holt SK, Lopushnyan N, Hotaling J, Sarma AV, Dunn RL, Cleary PA, Braffett BH, Gatcomb P, Martin C, Herman WH, Wessells H; Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Research Group. Prevalence of low testosterone and predisposing risk factors in men with type 1 diabetes mellitus: findings from the DCCT/EDIC. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Sep;99(9):E1655-60.
2. Maric C, Forsblom C, Thorn L, Wadén J, Groop PH; FinnDiane Study Group. Association between testosterone, estradiol and sex hormone binding globulin levels in men with type 1 diabetes with nephropathy. Steroids. 2010 Nov;75(11):772-8.
3. Chandel A, Dhindsa S, Topiwala S, Chaudhuri A, Dandona P. Testosterone concentration in young patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2008 Oct;31(10):2013-7

Type 1 diabetes: the improvement of glucometabolic control with testosterone treatment in men (1 reference)

1. Saad F, Yassin A, Almehmadi Y, Doros G, Gooren L. Effects of long-term testosterone replacement therapy, with a temporary intermission, on glycemic control of nine hypogonadal men with type 1 diabetes mellitus – a series of case reports. Aging Male. 2015;18(3):164-8.

Type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance in men: the association with lower testosterone levels (14 references)

1. Yeap BB, Chubb SA, Hyde Z, Jamrozik K, Hankey GJ, Flicker L, Norman PE. Lower serum testosterone is independently associated with insulin resistance in non-diabetic older men: the Health In Men Study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2009 Oct;161(4):591-8
2. Traish AM, Saad F, Guay A. The dark side of testosterone deficiency: II. Type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. J Androl. 2009 Jan-Feb;30(1):23-32
3. Martínez Jabaloyas JM, Queipo Zaragoza A, Ferrandis Cortes C, Queipo Zaragoza JA, Gil Salom M, Chuan Nuez P. Changes in sexual hormones in a male population over 50 years of age. Frequency of low testosterone levels and risk factors. Actas Urol Esp. 2008 Jun;32(6):603-10
4. Grossmann M, Thomas MC, Panagiotopoulos S, Sharpe K, Macisaac RJ, Clarke S, Zajac JD, Jerums G. Low testosterone levels are common and associated with insulin resistance in men with diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 May;93(5):1834-40
5. Fukui M, Soh J, Tanaka M, Kitagawa Y, Hasegawa G, Yoshikawa T, Miki T, Nakamura N. Low serum testosterone concentration in middle-aged men with type 2 diabetes. Endocr J. 2007;54(6):871-7.

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Type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance in men: the improvement with testosterone treatment (3 references)

1. Traish AM, Saad F, Guay A. The dark side of testosterone deficiency: II. Type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. J Androl. 2009 Jan-Feb;30(1):23-32
2. Marin P, Holmang S, Jonsson L, Sjostrom L, Kvist H, Holm G, Lindstedt G, Bjorntorp P. The effects of testosterone treatment on body composition and metabolism in middle-aged obese men. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1992 Dec;16(12):991-7
3. Marin P, Krotkiewski M, Bjorntorp P. Androgen treatment of middle-aged, obese men: effects on metabolism, muscle and adipose tissues. Eur J Med 1992 Oct;1(6):329-36

Rheumatism in men: the association with lower testosterone levels (13 references)

1. Lashkari M, Noori A, Oveisi S, Kheirkhah M. Association of serum testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate with rheumatoid arthritis: a case control study. Electron Physician. 2018 Mar 25;10(3):6500-6505.
2. Pikwer M, Giwercman A, Bergström U, Nilsson JÅ, Jacobsson LT, Turesson C. Association between testosterone levels and risk of future rheumatoid arthritis in men: a population-based case-control study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014 Mar;73(3):573-9.
3. Tengstrand B, Carlström K, Hafström I. Bioavailable testosterone in men with rheumatoid arthritis-high frequency of hypogonadism. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2002 Mar;41(3):285-9.
4. Stafford L, Bleasel J, Giles A, Handelsman D. Androgen deficiency and bone mineral density in men with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2000 Dec;27(12):2786-90
5. Tengstrand B, Carlstrom K, Hafstrom I. Bioavailable testosterone in men with rheumatoid arthritis-high frequency of hypogonadism. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2002 Mar;41(3):285-9

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Rheumatism in men: the improvement with testosterone treatment (1 reference)

1. Cutolo M, Balleari E, Giusti M, Intra E, Accardo S. Androgen replacement therapy in male patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1991 Jan;34(1):1-5

Osteoporosis, low bone density in men: the association with lower estrogens and androgen levels (6 references)

1. Clapauch R, Mattos TM, Silva P, Marinheiro LP, Buksman S, Schrank Y. Total estradiol, rather than testosterone levels, predicts osteoporosis in aging men. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2009 Nov;53(8):1020-5
2. Burnett-Bowie SA, McKay EA, Lee H, Leder BZ. Effects of aromatase inhibition on bone mineral density and bone turnover in older men with low testosterone levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Dec;94(12):4785-92.
3. Deutsch S, Benjamin F, Seltzer V, Tafreshi M, Kocheril G, Frank A. The correlation of serum estrogens and androgens with bone density in the late postmenopause. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1987 Jun;25(3):217-22
4. Garnero P, Sornay-Rendu E, Claustrat B, Delmas PD. Biochemical markers of bone turnover, endogenous hormones and the risk of fractures in postmenopausal women: the OFELY study. J Bone Miner Res. 2000 Aug;15(8):1526-36
5. Lau EM, Suriwongpaisal P, Lee JK, Das De S, Festin MR, Saw SM, Khir A, Torralba T, Sham A, Sambrook P. Risk factors for hip fracture in Asian men and women: the Asian osteoporosis study. J Bone Miner Res. 2001 Mar;16(3):572-80

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Osteoporosis, low bone density in men: the association with lower testosterone levels (8 references)

1. Tahani N, Nieddu L, Prossomariti G, Spaziani M, Granato S, Carlomagno F, Anzuini A, Lenzi A, Radicioni AF, Romagnoli E. Long-term effect of testosterone replacement therapy on bone in hypogonadal men with Klinefelter Syndrome. Endocrine. 2018 Aug;61(2):327-335.
2. Moran JM, Martin RR, Pedrera-Canal M, Alonso-Terron J, Rodriguez-Velasco FJ, Pedrera-Zamorano JD. Low testosterone levels are associated with poor peripheral bone mineral density and quantitative bone ultrasound at phalanges and calcaneus in healthy elderly men. Biol Res Nurs. 2015 Mar;17(2):169-74.
3. Dabaja AA, Bryson CF, Schlegel PN, Paduch DA. The effect of hypogonadism and testosterone-enhancing therapy on alkaline phosphatase and bone mineral density. BJU Int. 2015 Mar;115(3):480-5.
4. Bo T, Zhu JM. Low levels of free testosterone correlated with bone mineral densities of femoral necks in aged healthy Shanghainese men. Horm Metab Res. 2014 Sep;46(10):697-701.
5. Kacker R, Conners W, Zade J, Morgentaler A. Bone mineral density and response to treatment in men younger than 50 years with testosterone deficiency and sexual dysfunction or infertility. J Urol. 2014 Apr;191(4):1072-6.

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Osteoporosis in men: the improvement with testosterone treatment (19 references)

1. Tahani N, Nieddu L, Prossomariti G, Spaziani M, Granato S, Carlomagno F, Anzuini A, Lenzi A, Radicioni AF, Romagnoli E. Long-term effect of testosterone replacement therapy on bone in hypogonadal men with Klinefelter Syndrome. Endocrine. 2018 Aug;61(2):327-335.
2. Shigehara K, Konaka H, Koh E, Nakashima K, Iijima M, Nohara T, Izumi K, Kitagawa Y, Kadono Y, Sugimoto K, Iwamoto T, Mizokami A, Namiki M. Effects of testosterone replacement therapy on hypogonadal men with osteopenia or osteoporosis: a subanalysis of a prospective randomized controlled study in Japan (EARTH study). Aging Male. 2017 Sep;20(3):139-145.
3. Snyder PJ, Kopperdahl DL, Stephens-Shields AJ, Ellenberg SS, Cauley JA, Ensrud KE, Lewis CE, Barrett-Connor E, Schwartz AV, Lee DC, Bhasin S, Cunningham GR, Gill TM, Matsumoto AM, Swerdloff RS, Basaria S, Diem SJ, Wang C, Hou X, Cifelli D, Dougar D, Zeldow B, Bauer DC, Keaveny TM. Effect of testosterone treatment on volumetric bone density and strength in older men with low testosterone: a controlled clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2017 Apr 1;177(4):471-479.
4. Permpongkosol S, Khupulsup K, Leelaphiwat S, Pavavattananusorn S, Thongpradit S, Petchthong T. Effects of 8-year treatment of long-acting testosterone undecanoate on metabolic parameters, urinary symptoms, bone mineral density, and sexual function in men with late-onset hypogonadism. J Sex Med. 2016 Aug;13(8):1199-211.
5. Dabaja AA, Bryson CF, Schlegel PN, Paduch DA. The effect of hypogonadism and testosterone-enhancing therapy on alkaline phosphatase and bone mineral density. BJU Int. 2015 Mar;115(3):480-5.

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Bone fractures: the association with lower testosterone levels in men (5 references)

1. Cheung AS, Baqar S, Sia R, Hoermann R, Iuliano-Burns S, Vu TD, Chiang C, Hamilton EJ, Gianatti E, Seeman E, Zajac JD, Grossmann M. Testosterone levels increase in association with recovery from acute fracture in men. Osteoporos Int. 2014 Aug;25(8):2027-33.
2. Torremadé-Barreda J, Rodríguez-Tolrà J, Román-Romera I, Padró-Miquel A, Rius-Moreno J, Franco-Miranda E. Testosterone-deficiency as a risk factor for hip fracture in eldery men. Actas Urol Esp. 2013 Mar;37(3):142-6.
3. LeBlanc ES, Nielson CM, Marshall LM, Lapidus JA, Barrett-Connor E, Ensrud KE, Hoffman AR, Laughlin G, Ohlsson C, Orwoll ES; Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study Group. The effects of serum testosterone, estradiol, and sex hormone binding globulin levels on fracture risk in older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Sep;94(9):3337-46.
4. Leifke E, Wichers C, Gorenoi V, Lucke P, von zur Mühlen A, Brabant G. Low serum levels of testosterone in men with minimal traumatic hip fractures. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2005 Apr;113(4):208-13.
5. Jackson JA, Riggs MW, Spiekerman AM. Testosterone deficiency as a risk factor for hip fractures in men: a case-control study. Am J Med Sci. 1992 Jul;304(1):4-8.  

Hip fractures in men: the association with lower testosterone levels (4 references)

1. Torremadé-Barreda J, Rodríguez-Tolrà J, Román-Romera I, Padró-Miquel A, Rius-Moreno J, Franco-Miranda E. Testosterone-deficiency as a risk factor for hip fracture in eldery men. Actas Urol Esp. 2013 Mar;37(3):142-6.
2. Leifke E, Wichers C, Gorenoi V, Lucke P, von zur Mühlen A, Brabant G. Low serum levels of testosterone in men with minimal traumatic hip fractures. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2005 Apr;113(4):208-13.
3. Jackson JA, Riggs MW, Spiekerman AM. Testosterone deficiency as a risk factor for hip fractures in men: a case-control study. Am J Med Sci. 1992 Jul;304(1):4-8.
4. Leifke E, Wichers C, Gorenoi V, Lucke P, von zur Muhlen A, Brabant G. Low serum levels of testosterone in men with minimal traumatic hip fractures. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2005 Apr;113(4):208-13

Hip fractures: the association with lower estradiol and testosterone levels in men, but not with testosterone levels alone (1 reference)

1. Amin S, Zhang Y, Felson DT, Sawin CT, Hannan MT, Wilson PW, Kiel DP. Estradiol, testosterone, and the risk for hip fractures in elderly men from the Framingham Study. Am J Med. 2006 May;119(5):426-33.

Prostate cancer: the association with lower testosterone levels (19 references)

1. Imamoto T, Suzuki H, Fukasawa S, Shimbo M, Inahara M, Komiya A, Ueda T, Shiraishi T, Ichikawa T. Pretreatment serum testosterone level as a predictive factor of pathological stage in localized prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol. 2005 Mar;47(3):308-12
2. Vestsi Akademii Medicina Navuk USSR 1980; 3: 72-7
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5. Hoffman MA, DeWolf WC, Morgentaler A.Is low serum free testosterone a marker for high-grade prostate cancer? J Urol 2000 Mar;163(3):824-7

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Cancer mortality: increased risk if low testosterone levels in men (8 references)

1. Kim SW, Hwang IC, Ahn HK, Kyung SY, Ahn HY. Medical manuscript: serum total testosterone as a prognostic indicator in male patients with terminal cancer. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2016 Jun;33(5):483-8.
2. Carrero JJ, Qureshi AR, Parini P, Arver S, Lindholm B, Bárány P, Heimbürger O, Stenvinkel P. Low serum testosterone increases mortality risk among male dialysis J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Mar;20(3):613-20
3. Tivesten A, Vandenput L, Labrie F, Karlsson MK, Ljunggren O, Mellström D, Ohlsson C. Low serum testosterone and estradiol predict mortality in elderly men. . J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Jul;94(7):2482-8
4. Khaw KT, Dowsett M, Folkerd E, Bingham S, Wareham N, Luben R, Welch A, Day N. Endogenous testosterone and mortality due to all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in men: European prospective investigation into cancer in Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) Prospective Population Study. 2007 Dec 4;116(23):2694-701
5. Shores MM, Matsumoto AM, Sloan KL, Kivlahan DR. Low serum testosterone and mortality in male veterans. Arch Intern Med. 2006 Aug 14-28;166(15):1660-5

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Terminal prostate cancer survival: the improvement with testosterone treatment (2 references)

1. Morales A, Connolly JG, Bruce AW. Androgen therapy in advanced carcinoma of the prostate. Can Med Assoc J. 1971;105(1):71-2
2. Prout GR Jr, Brewer WR. Response of men with advanced prostatic carcinoma to exogenous administration of testosterone. Cancer. 1967 Nov;20(11):1871-8

Longevity in men: the association with higher testosterone levels (35 references)

1. Lopez DS, Qiu X, Advani S, Tsilidis KK, Khera M, Kim J, Morgentaler A, Wang R, Canfield S. Double trouble: Co-occurrence of testosterone deficiency and body fatness associated with all-cause mortality in US men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2018 Jan;88(1):58-65.
2. Holmboe SA, Skakkebæk NE, Juul A, Scheike T, Jensen TK, Linneberg A, Thuesen BH, Andersson AM. Individual testosterone decline and future mortality in men. Eur J Endocrinol. 2018 Jan;178(1):123-130.
3. Yu J, Ravel VA, You AS, Streja E, Rivara MB, Potukuchi PK, Brunelli SM, Kovesdy CP, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Rhee CM. Association between testosterone and mortality among U.S. males receiving dialysis. Am J Nephrol. 2017;46(3):195-203.
4. Bentmar Holgersson M, Landgren F, Rylander L, Lundberg Giwercman Y. Mortality is linked to low serum testosterone levels in younger and middle-aged men. Eur Urol. 2017 Jun;71(6):991-992.
5. Sinclair M, Grossmann M, Angus PW, Hoermann R, Hey P, Scodellaro T, Gow PJ. Low testosterone as a better predictor of mortality than sarcopenia in men with advanced liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Mar;31(3):661-7.

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Longevity in men: the improvement (‘reduction of overall mortality) survival with testosterone treatment (8 references)

1. Hackett G, Heald AH, Sinclair A, Jones PW, Strange RC, Ramachandran S. Serum testosterone, testosterone replacement therapy and all-cause mortality in men with type 2 diabetes: retrospective consideration of the impact of PDE5 inhibitors and statins. Int J Clin Pract. 2016 Mar;70(3):244-53.
2. Anderson JL, May HT, Lappé DL, Bair T, Le V, Carlquist JF, Muhlestein JB. Impact of testosterone replacement therapy on myocardial infarction, stroke, and death in men with low testosterone concentrations in an integrated health care system. Am J Cardiol. 2016 Mar 1;117(5):794-9.
3. Sharma R, Oni OA, Gupta K, Chen G, Sharma M, Dawn B, Sharma R, Parashara D, Savin VJ, Ambrose JA, Barua RS. Normalization of testosterone level is associated with reduced incidence of myocardial infarction and mortality in men. Eur Heart J. 2015 Oct 21;36(40):2706-15.
4. Ramasamy R, Scovell J, Mederos M, Ren R, Jain L, Lipshultz L. Association between testosterone supplementation therapy and thrombotic events in elderly men. Urology. 2015 Aug;86(2):283-5.
5. Muraleedharan V, Marsh H, Kapoor D, Channer KS, Jones TH. Testosterone deficiency is associated with increased risk of mortality and testosterone replacement improves survival in men with type 2 diabetes. Eur J Endocrinol. 2013 Oct 21;169(6):725-33.

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Longevity in men with terminal prostate cancer: the improvement (increased survival time) with testosterone treatment (2 references)

1. Morales A, Connolly JG, Bruce AW. Androgen therapy in advanced carcinoma of the prostate. Can Med Assoc J. 1971;105(1):71-2
2. Prout GR Jr, Brewer WR. Response of men with advanced prostatic carcinoma to exogenous administration of testosterone. Cancer. 1967 Nov;20(11):1871-8